Gynecologic

Doctors in this discipline are referred to as gynecologists. Gynecologists provide reproductive and sexual health services to patients of all ages. Obstetrics is a connected field concerned with pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Most modern gynecologist are also obstetricians hence the common abbreviation OBY-GYN.

Gynecologists may provide primary care but in some countries referral by a general practitioner (GP) is required. Gynecology is a specialism including both medical and surgical fields. Many gynecological conditions require hormonal and pharmacological intervention but others, such as cancers, require surgical removal. Gynecologists have specialized training, knowledge and equipment. Common conditions treated by gynecologists include cancer, endometriosis, sexually transmitted diseases (STD), urinary tract infections (UTIs), infertility and more. Common treatments and diagnostic tests include cervical screenings (also known as ‘pap’ or ‘smear’ test), ultrasounds, drug therapies and hormone modulating therapies.

The main diagnosis tools, like all medicine, are examination and consideration of medical history. Gynecologists examine the reproductive system, both internally and externally, to aid diagnosis. Externally, the vulva is examined. A pelvic exam is used to look at the internal health of the reproductive system, often using a speculum device that widens the vagina to help the doctor view the cervix.